Michael T. Klare
Arms Control AssociationThe US has entered an “arms-race with AI”
There could be no more consequential decision than launching atomic weapons and possibly triggering a nuclear holocaust. President John F. Kennedy faced just such a moment during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 and, after envisioning the catastrophic outcome of a US-Soviet nuclear exchange, he came to the conclusion that the atomic powers should impose tough barriers on the precipitous use of such weaponry. Among the measures he and other global leaders adopted were guidelines requiring that senior officials, not just military personnel, have a role in any nuclear-launch decision.
That was then, of course, and this is now. And what a now it is! With artificial intelligence, or AI, soon to play an ever-increasing role in military affairs, as in virtually everything else in our lives, the role of humans, even in nuclear decision-making, is likely to be progressively diminished. In fact, in some future AI-saturated world, it could disappear entirely, leaving machines to determine humanity’s fate.
THE SAN FRANCISCO PROMISE
Click to Learn More
This isn’t idle conjecture based on science fiction movies or dystopian novels. It’s all too real, all too here and now, or at least here and soon to be. As the Pentagon and the military commands of the other great powers look to the future, what they see is a highly contested battlefield—some have called it a “hyperwar” environment—where vast swarms of AI-guided robotic weapons will fight each other at speeds far exceeding the ability of human commanders to follow the course of a battle. At such a time, it is thought, commanders might increasingly be forced to rely on ever more intelligent machines to make decisions on what weaponry to employ when and where. At first, this may not extend to nuclear weapons, but as the speed of battle increases and the “firebreak” between them and conventional weaponry shrinks, it may prove impossible to prevent the creeping automatization of even nuclear-launch decision-making.
Such an outcome can only grow more likely as the US military completes a top-to-bottom realignment intended to transform it from a fundamentally small-war, counter-terrorist organization back into one focused on peer-against-peer combat with China and Russia. This shift was mandated by the Department of Defense in its December 2017 National Security Strategy. Rather than focusing mainly on weaponry and tactics aimed at combating poorly armed insurgents in never-ending small-scale conflicts, the American military is now being redesigned to fight increasingly well-equipped Chinese and Russian forces in multi-dimensional (air, sea, land, space, cyberspace) engagements involving multiple attack systems (tanks, planes, missiles, rockets) operating with minimal human oversight.
“The major effect/result of all these capabilities coming together will be an innovation warfare has never seen before: the minimization of human decision-making in the vast majority of processes traditionally required to wage war,” observed retired Marine General John Allen and AI entrepreneur Amir Hussain. “In this coming age of hyperwar, we will see humans providing broad, high-level inputs while machines do the planning, executing, and adapting to the reality of the mission and take on the burden of thousands of individual decisions with no additional input.”
That “minimization of human decision-making” will have profound implications for the future of combat. Ordinarily, national leaders seek to control the pace and direction of battle to ensure the best possible outcome, even if that means halting the fighting to avoid greater losses or prevent humanitarian disaster. Machines, even very smart machines, are unlikely to be capable of assessing the social and political context of combat, so activating them might well lead to situations of uncontrolled escalation.
It may be years, possibly
Why AI?
Even five years ago, there were few in the military establishment who gave much thought to the role of AI or robotics when it came to major combat operations. Yes, remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), or drones, have been widely used in Africa and the Greater Middle East to hunt down enemy combatants, but those are largely ancillary (and sometimes CIA) operations, intended to relieve pressure on US commandos and allied forces facing scattered bands of violent extremists. In addition, today’s RPAs are still controlled by human operators, even if from remote locations, and make little use, as yet, of AI-powered target-identification and attack systems. In the future, however, such systems are expected to populate much of any battlespace, replacing humans in many or even most combat functions.
To speed this transformation, the Department of Defense is already spending hundreds of millions of dollars on AI-related research. “We cannot expect success fighting tomorrow’s conflicts with yesterday’s thinking, weapons, or equipment,” Mattis told Congress in April. To ensure continued military supremacy, he added, the Pentagon would have to focus more “investment in technological innovation to increase lethality, including research into advanced autonomous systems, artificial intelligence, and
Why the sudden emphasis on AI and robotics? It begins, of course, with the astonishing progress made by the tech community—much of it based in Silicon Valley, California—in enhancing AI and applying it to a multitude of functions, including image identification and voice recognition. One of those applications, Alexa Voice Services, is the computer system behind Amazon’s smart speaker that not only can use the Internet to do your bidding but interpret your commands. (“Alexa, play classical music.” “Alexa, tell me today’s weather.” “Alexa, turn the lights on.”) Another is the kind of self-driving vehicle technology that is expected to revolutionize transportation.
Artificial Intelligence is an “
Become a Member
By Becoming a member of the DWF, you help to keep us by running our basic operations and promoting our ideas.
Donate
The DWF always needs your help to educate the public on the ideas of World Federalism and humanity’s advancement to a peaceful and rich society.
It doesn’t take a particularly nimble brain to realize why Pentagon officials would seek to harness such technology: they think it will give them a significant advantage in future wars. Any full-scale conflict between the US and China or Russia (or both) would, to say the least, be extraordinarily violent, with possibly hundreds of warships and many thousands of aircraft and armored vehicles all focused in densely packed battlespaces. In such an environment, speed in decision-making, deployment, and engagement will undoubtedly prove a critical asset. Given future super-smart, precision-guided weaponry, whoever fires first will have a better chance of success, or even survival, than a slower-firing adversary. Humans can move swiftly in such situations when forced to do so, but future machines will act far more swiftly, while keeping track of more battlefield variables.
As General Paul Selva, vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told Congress in 2017,
“It is very compelling when one looks at the capabilities that artificial intelligence can bring to the speed and accuracy of command and control and the capabilities that advanced robotics might bring to a complex battlespace, particularly machine-to-machine interaction in space and cyberspace, where speed is of the essence.”
Aside from aiming to exploit AI in the development of its own weaponry, US military officials are intensely aware that their principal adversaries are also pushing ahead in the weaponization of AI and robotics, seeking novel ways to overcome America’s advantages in conventional weaponry. According to the Congressional Research Service, for instance, China is investing heavily in the development of artificial intelligence and its application to military purposes. Though lacking the tech base of either China or the United States, Russia is similarly rushing the development of AI and robotics. Any significant Chinese or Russian lead in such emerging technologies that might threaten this country’s military superiority would be intolerable to the Pentagon.
Not surprisingly then, in the fashion of past arms races (from the pre-World War I development of battleships to Cold War nuclear weaponry), an “arms race in AI” is now underway, with the US, China, Russia, and other nations (including Britain, Israel, and South Korea) seeking to gain a critical advantage in the weaponization of artificial intelligence and robotics. Pentagon officials regularly cite Chinese advances in AI when seeking congressional funding for their projects, just as Chinese and Russian military officials undoubtedly cite American ones to fund their own pet projects. In true arms race fashion, this dynamic is already accelerating the pace of development and deployment of AI-empowered systems and ensuring their future prominence in warfare.
What is World Federalism?
World Federal Government (WFG)
Command and Control
As this arms race unfolds, artificial intelligence will be applied to every aspect of warfare, from logistics and surveillance to target identification and battle management. Robotic vehicles will accompany troops on the battlefield, carrying supplies and firing on enemy positions; swarms of armed drones will attack enemy tanks, radars, and command centers; unmanned undersea vehicles, or UUVs, will pursue both enemy submarines and surface ships. At the outset of combat, all these instruments of war will undoubtedly be controlled by humans. As the fighting intensifies, however, communications between headquarters and the front lines may well be lost and such systems will, according to military scenarios already being written, be on their own, empowered to take lethal action without further human intervention.
Most of the debate over the application of AI and its future battlefield autonomy has been focused on the morality of empowering fully autonomous weapons—sometimes called “killer robots”—with a capacity to make life-and-death decisions on their own, or on whether the use of such systems would violate the laws of war and international humanitarian law. Such statutes require that war-makers be able to distinguish between combatants and civilians on the battlefield and spare the latter from harm to the greatest extent possible. Advocates of the new technology claim that machines will indeed become smart enough to sort out such distinctions for themselves, while opponents insist that they will never prove capable of making critical distinctions of that sort in the heat of battle and would be unable to show compassion when appropriate. A number of human rights and humanitarian organizations have even launched the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots with the goal of adopting an international ban on the development and deployment of fully autonomous weapons systems.
In the meantime, a perhaps even more consequential debate is emerging in the military realm over the application of AI to command-and-control (C2) systems—that is, to
And someday, of course, it’s possible to imagine that the minds behind such decision-making would cease to be human ones. Incoming data from battlefield information systems would instead be channeled to AI processors focused on assessing imminent threats and, given the time constraints involved, executing what they deemed the best options without human instructions.
Pentagon officials deny that any of this is the intent of their AI-related research. They acknowledge, however, that they can at least imagine a future in which other countries delegate decision-making to machines and the United States sees no choice but to follow suit, lest it
The Doomsday Decision
The assumption in most of these scenarios is that the US and its allies will be engaged in a conventional war with China and/or Russia. Keep in mind, then, that the very nature of such a future AI-driven
Such a danger arises from the convergence of multiple advances in technology: not just AI and robotics, but the development of conventional strike capabilities like hypersonic missiles capable of flying at five or more times the speed of sound, electromagnetic rail guns, and high-energy lasers. Such weaponry, though non-nuclear, when combined with AI surveillance and target-identification systems, could even attack an enemy’s mobile retaliatory weapons and so threaten to eliminate its ability to launch a response to any nuclear attack. Given such a “use ‘em or lose ‘em” scenario, any power might be inclined not to wait but to launch its nukes at the first sign of possible attack, or even, fearing loss of control in an uncertain, fast-paced engagement, delegate launch authority to its machines. And once that occurred, it could prove almost impossible to prevent further escalation.
The question then arises: Would machines make better decisions than humans in such a situation? They certainly are capable of processing vast amounts of information over brief periods of time and weighing the pros and cons of alternative actions in a thoroughly unemotional manner. But machines also make military mistakes and, above all, they lack the ability to reflect on a situation and conclude: Stop this madness. No battle advantage is worth global human annihilation.
As Paul Scharre put it in Army of None, a new book on AI and warfare, “Humans are not perfect, but they can empathize with their opponents and see the bigger picture. Unlike humans, autonomous weapons would have no ability to understand the consequences of their actions, no ability to step back from the brink of war.”
So maybe we should think twice about giving some future militarized version of Alexa the power to launch a machine-made Armageddon.
Original Publisher
TomDispatchMichael T. Klare is a professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College and the author of Resource Wars and Blood and Oil. Consider this essay a preview of his newest book, Rising Powers, Shrinking Planet: The New Geopolitics of Energy, which has just been published by Metropolitan Books. A brief video of Klare discussing key subjects in his new book can be viewed by clicking here.
DWF News
Hi there! Would you mind if I share your blog with my myspace group? There’s a lot of folks that I think would really enjoy your content. Please let me know. Thank you
Please share
Some genuinely nice stuff on this web site, I like it.
That is the best weblog for anyone who desires to find out about this topic. You realize so much its nearly hard to argue with you (not that I actually would want…HaHa). You undoubtedly put a new spin on a subject thats been written about for years. Nice stuff, simply nice!
I will immediately take hold of your rss feed as I can not to find your email subscription link or e-newsletter service. Do you have any? Kindly allow me know in order that I could subscribe. Thanks.
Nice read, I just passed this onto a friend who was doing a little research on that. And he just bought me lunch since I found it for him smile So let me rephrase that: Thank you for lunch!
You could definitely see your skills in the work you write. The arena hopes for even more passionate writers like you who are not afraid to mention how they believe. Always follow your heart. “A second wife is hateful to the children of the first a viper is not more hateful.” by Euripides.
I haven’t checked in here for some time since I thought it was getting boring, but the last several posts are good quality so I guess I’ll add you back to my everyday bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂
Hey, you used to write wonderful, but the last few posts have been kinda boringK I miss your super writings. Past few posts are just a little bit out of track! come on!
You completed certain fine points there. I did a search on the topic and found nearly all persons will have the same opinion with your blog.
Hey there I am so delighted I found your web site, I really found you by error, while I was searching on Aol for something else, Regardless I am here now and would just like to say thanks a lot for a tremendous post and a all round interesting blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to read through it all at the moment but I have bookmarked it and also included your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read a lot more, Please do keep up the awesome job.
Great write-up, I am regular visitor of one¦s website, maintain up the excellent operate, and It is going to be a regular visitor for a long time.
I’ll right away seize your rss feed as I can not find your e-mail subscription link or e-newsletter service. Do you have any? Kindly allow me realize in order that I could subscribe. Thanks.
I just could not go away your web site prior to suggesting that I actually loved the usual info an individual provide on your visitors? Is going to be again frequently in order to inspect new posts
Some genuinely great articles on this web site, thanks for contribution. “Always aim for achievement, and forget about success.” by Helen Hayes.
I will immediately grab your rss feed as I can’t in finding your email subscription hyperlink or newsletter service. Do you have any? Please let me understand in order that I may just subscribe. Thanks.
I delight in, cause I discovered just what I used to be looking for. You have ended my 4 day lengthy hunt! God Bless you man. Have a nice day. Bye
I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own weblog and was wondering what all is needed to get setup? I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny? I’m not very web smart so I’m not 100 certain. Any recommendations or advice would be greatly appreciated. Cheers
I went over this site and I think you have a lot of superb info , saved to bookmarks (:.
I appreciate, cause I found exactly what I was looking for. You’ve ended my 4 day long hunt! God Bless you man. Have a great day. Bye
Some truly prize articles on this internet site, saved to my bookmarks.
Thank you for some other great article. The place else could anybody get that type of info in such an ideal manner of writing? I’ve a presentation subsequent week, and I’m on the look for such info.
Usually I do not learn post on blogs, however I wish to say that this write-up very forced me to check out and do so! Your writing style has been surprised me. Thanks, very great post.
I like this post, enjoyed this one regards for putting up.
Hiya, I am really glad I have found this info. Nowadays bloggers publish only about gossips and internet and this is really annoying. A good web site with interesting content, this is what I need. Thanks for keeping this web site, I will be visiting it. Do you do newsletters? Cant find it.
I’m impressed, I must say. Really hardly ever do I encounter a blog that’s both educative and entertaining, and let me inform you, you have hit the nail on the head. Your concept is outstanding; the problem is something that not sufficient persons are speaking intelligently about. I’m very comfortable that I stumbled throughout this in my search for something relating to this.
I have learn some excellent stuff here. Certainly value bookmarking for revisiting. I surprise how a lot attempt you set to create one of these fantastic informative website.
Enjoyed studying this, very good stuff, appreciate it.
But wanna input on few general things, The website style is perfect, the content material is very excellent. “We can only learn to love by loving.” by Iris Murdoch.
I love your blog.. very nice colors & theme. Did you create this website yourself? Plz reply back as I’m looking to create my own blog and would like to know wheere u got this from. thanks
Hey there would you mind sharing which blog platform you’re using? I’m planning to start my own blog soon but I’m having a difficult time deciding between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal. The reason I ask is because your layout seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for something completely unique. P.S Sorry for being off-topic but I had to ask!
WordPress and elegant themes (divi)
Well I truly enjoyed studying it. This subject provided by you is very helpful for correct planning.
Very well written story. It will be useful to anyone who utilizes it, including myself. Keep up the good work – can’r wait to read more posts.
Hi, Neat post. There is a problem with your website in internet explorer, would test this… IE still is the market leader and a large portion of people will miss your great writing due to this problem.
hey there and thanks for your info – I have certainly picked up something new from proper here. I did on the other hand expertise several technical points the usage of this website, since I experienced to reload the website lots of instances previous to I may just get it to load correctly. I have been considering in case your web host is OK? Now not that I’m complaining, but slow loading instances instances will very frequently impact your placement in google and could injury your high-quality rating if ads and ***********|advertising|advertising|advertising and *********** with Adwords. Anyway I am including this RSS to my email and could glance out for a lot more of your respective intriguing content. Ensure that you replace this once more soon..
What¦s Happening i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I have discovered It positively helpful and it has helped me out loads. I’m hoping to give a contribution & assist other customers like its helped me. Great job.
I?¦m not certain where you are getting your info, however great topic. I must spend some time finding out much more or working out more. Thank you for magnificent info I used to be searching for this info for my mission.
Some really great content on this website , regards for contribution.
I like this post, enjoyed this one regards for posting. “No man is wise enough by himself.” by Titus Maccius Plautus.
You can certainly see your expertise in the work you write. The world hopes for more passionate writers like you who aren’t afraid to say how they believe. Always go after your heart.
Very interesting information!Perfect just what I was looking for!
I like what you guys are up too. Such smart work and reporting! Keep up the superb works guys I have incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my website 🙂
This is the right blog for anyone who wants to find out about this topic. You realize so much its almost hard to argue with you (not that I actually would want…HaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a topic thats been written about for years. Great stuff, just great!
It?¦s actually a cool and useful piece of information. I am glad that you shared this helpful info with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.
Hello! Someone in my Facebook group shared this site with us so I came to look it over. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Fantastic blog and wonderful style and design.
I am typically to blogging and i actually admire your content. The article has actually peaks my interest. I am going to bookmark your website and keep checking for brand new information.
I have not checked in here for a while as I thought it was getting boring, but the last few posts are good quality so I guess I’ll add you back to my daily bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂
I’ve recently started a blog, the information you provide on this site has helped me tremendously. Thanks for all of your time & work. “A creative man is motivated by the desire to achieve, not by the desire to beat others.” by Ayn Rand.
Hi, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your website in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, fantastic blog!
Does your site have a contact page? I’m having problems locating it but, I’d like to shoot you an email. I’ve got some suggestions for your blog you might be interested in hearing. Either way, great site and I look forward to seeing it grow over time.
Very interesting info!Perfect just what I was looking for!
As I web-site possessor I believe the content matter here is rattling great , appreciate it for your efforts. You should keep it up forever! Good Luck.
Can I just say what a reduction to find someone who really knows what theyre talking about on the internet. You positively know tips on how to deliver a problem to gentle and make it important. More individuals have to read this and perceive this facet of the story. I cant consider youre no more in style since you definitely have the gift.
Great write-up, I’m regular visitor of one’s blog, maintain up the nice operate, and It is going to be a regular visitor for a lengthy time.
I think you have observed some very interesting details, regards for the post.
Very interesting topic, thankyou for putting up. “To have a right to do a thing is not at all the same as to be right in doing it.” by G. K. Chesterton.
I love it when people come together and share opinions, great blog, keep it up.
Thanks for your marvelous posting! I genuinely enjoyed reading it, you might be a great author.I will always bookmark your blog and will eventually come back very soon. I want to encourage you to continue your great work, have a nice holiday weekend!
Really great info can be found on blog.
I love assembling useful information , this post has got me even more info! .
My brother suggested I might like this blog. He was entirely right. This post actually made my day. You cann’t imagine just how much time I had spent for this info! Thanks!
I do love the way you have framed this issue and it really does present me personally a lot of fodder for thought. Nevertheless, because of what I have observed, I basically hope when the actual feed-back pile on that men and women stay on point and in no way embark on a soap box involving the news of the day. Anyway, thank you for this superb point and even though I can not necessarily go along with it in totality, I regard your viewpoint.
Hi! I just wanted to ask if you ever have any trouble with hackers? My last blog (wordpress) was hacked and I ended up losing many months of hard work due to no back up. Do you have any solutions to stop hackers?
Howdy would you mind letting me know which webhost you’re using? I’ve loaded your blog in 3 completely different web browsers and I must say this blog loads a lot quicker then most. Can you recommend a good hosting provider at a honest price? Cheers, I appreciate it!
Host Gator
I appreciate, cause I found just what I was looking for. You have ended my 4 day long hunt! God Bless you man. Have a great day. Bye
I love what you guys are up too. This type of clever
work and coverage! Keep up the excellent works guys I’ve you guys to my personal blogroll.
I’m not sure exactly why but this website is loading very slow for me.
Is anyone else having this problem or is it a
issue on my end? I’ll check back later and see if the problem still exists.
You actually make it seem so easy along with your presentation but I find this
topic to be actually one thing that I feel I would by no means
understand. It sort of feels too complex and extremely large for me.
I’m taking a look ahead for your subsequent publish,
I’ll try to get the hold of it!
My relatives all the time say that I am wasting my time here at net, however I know I am getting
familiarity everyday by reading such fastidious posts.
Hey very interesting blog!
I’ve read a few excellent stuff here. Definitely value
bookmarking for revisiting. I surprise how a lot attempt you set to make this kind of great informative site.
Someone necessarily help to make significantly articles
I’d state. This is the very first time I frequented your web page
and up to now? I surprised with the research you made to make this actual put up incredible.
Excellent job!
Thank you for the good writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it.
Look advanced to more added agreeable from you!
However, how could we communicate?
Your style is really unique compared to other people I have read stuff from.
Many thanks for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I’ll just bookmark this web site.
Greetings! Very helpful advice within this article!
It’s the little changes that make the most important changes.
Thanks for sharing!
This does interest me
Fine way of telling, and fastidious paragraph to
get facts concerning my presentation focus,
which i am going to deliver in institution of higher education.
Hello, i really think i will be back to your page
Found this on google and I’m happy I did. Well written web.
stays on topic and states valid points. Thank you.
I conceive this web site holds some real superb information for everyone : D.
Appreciate it for this howling post, I am glad I observed this internet site on yahoo.
Appreciate it for this howling post, I am glad I observed this internet site on yahoo.
This helps. Cheers!
Thanks for this web. I definitely agree with what you are saying.
Just wanna input on few general things, The website layout is perfect, the articles is very superb : D.
I kinda got into this website. I found it to be interesting and loaded with unique points of view.
I conceive you have mentioned some very interesting details , appreciate it for the post.
I am glad to be one of the visitors on this great website (:, appreciate it for posting .
I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here.
The sketch is tasteful, your authored material stylish. nonetheless,
you command get bought an edginess over that you wish be delivering the following.
unwell unquestionably come further formerly again as exactly the
same nearly very often inside case you shield this increase.
I conceive this web site holds some real superb information for everyone : D.
I like this website its a master peace ! Glad I found this on google .
I’m impressed, I have to admit. Genuinely rarely should i encounter a weblog that’s both educative and entertaining, and let me tell you, you may have hit the nail about the head. Your idea is outstanding; the problem is an element that insufficient persons are speaking intelligently about. I am delighted we came across this during my look for something with this.
Good Morning, happy that i stumble on this in google. Thanks!
You got yourself a new follower.
Great, google took me stright here. thanks btw for info. Cheers!
Yeah bookmaking this wasn’t a risky decision outstanding post! .
I must say got into this site. I found it to be interesting and loaded with unique points of view.
Me enjoying, will read more. Cheers!
I know this web site provides quality based content and extra data, is there any other web
site which gives such data in quality?
very nice post, i actually like this web site, carry on it
I truly enjoy looking through on this web site , it holds superb content .
I like this site, some useful stuff on here : D.
I dugg some of you post as I thought they were very beneficial invaluable
I know this web page presents quality dependent articles or reviews and extra data, is there any other web page which presents
these kinds of information in quality?
Enjoyed reading through this, very good stuff, thankyou .
Hi, here from yanex, me enjoyng this, i will come back soon.
You got yourself a new rader.
I love reading through and I believe this website got some genuinely utilitarian stuff on it! .
Hi, Neat post. There is a problem along with
your web site in internet explorer, may check this? IE nonetheless is the market chief and a big component to other people will leave out your fantastic writing because of this problem.
This website was… how do you say it? Relevant!! Finally I have found something which helped me.
Kudos!
I truly enjoy looking through on this web site , it holds superb content .
I am glad to be one of the visitors on this great website (:, appreciate it for posting .
Today, while I was at work, my cousin stole my apple ipad and
tested to see if it can survive a forty foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My apple ipad is now
destroyed and she has 83 views. I know this is completely off topic but I had to share it with someone!
I go to see everyday a few websites and sites to read content, however
this weblog provides feature based articles.
Respect to website author , some wonderful entropy.
I like, will read more. Thanks!
I am now not positive the place you are getting
your information, however great topic. I must spend some time studying more or
working out more. Thanks for fantastic information I used to be searching for this info for my
mission.
This does interest me
Hmm is anyone else having problems with the pictures
on this blog loading? I’m trying to figure out if its a
problem on my end or if it’s the blog. Any responses would be
greatly appreciated.
Every weekend i used to pay a quick visit this website, as i want enjoyment, as
this this website conations in fact good funny material
too.
Does your blog have a contact page? I’m having trouble locating it but, I’d like to send you an e-mail.
I’ve got some suggestions for your blog you might
be interested in hearing. Either way, great blog and I look forward to seeing it improve over time.
I was wondering if you ever considered changing the layout of
your blog? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say.
But maybe you could a little more in the way of content
so people could connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having 1 or
2 pictures. Maybe you could space it out better?
This design is wicked! You certainly know how to keep a reader amused.
Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start
my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Fantastic job. I really enjoyed what
you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it.
Too cool!
These are genuinely enormous ideas in about blogging.
You have touched some fastidious things here. Any way keep
up wrinting.
My spouse and I absolutely love your blog and find almost all of your post’s to be just what I’m looking for.
Would you offer guest writers to write content for you personally?
I wouldn’t mind creating a post or elaborating on a number of the subjects you write about here.
Again, awesome web site!
Cheers, great stuff, I enjoying.
This is the right blog for anyone who wants to find out about this topic. You realize so much its almost hard to argue with you (not that I actually would want…HaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a topic thats been written about for years. Great stuff, just great!
“Howdy, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar one and i was just wondering if you get a lot of spam feedback? If so how do you reduce it, any plugin or anything you can recommend? I get so much lately it’s driving me crazy so any help is very much appreciated.”